Information on preventing bed sores

Bed sores (pressure sores) are caused by pressure-typically prolonged and over bony parts of the body in people who are restricted to a bed or chair. The pressure cuts off the blood supply; without blood’s oxygen and nutrients, skin tissue starts to die.

Bed sores start with skin redness or a blister, but can progress to a deep wound that damages muscles, tendons, and bone. Following are ways to prevent bed sores:

• Change position in bed at least every two hours. In a wheelchair, change position at least hourly.
• If you’re able to move yourself, shift position every 15 minutes.
• Do not lift the head of your bed greater than 30 degrees to prevent sliding and friction.
• Find a sitting or lying position that is 30 degrees toward one side of your body or the other, not squarely on the hip.
• Place a pillow under calves to keep your heels off the mattress. Place a pillow between the knees. Do not use donut-ring cushions, which can cut off circulation. Use a special bed mattress or wheelchair cushion.
• Wear special pads to protect skin that rests against braces and other devices.
• When moving someone, lift rather than drag. Use assistive devices, such as transfer boards and mechanical lifts. Try placing a sheepskin under a body part to decrease friction.
• Keep the skin clean and dry. Do not massage bony areas.
• If incontinent, use a protective cream on skin that may come in contact with urine or feces. Do not let feces or urine remain in contact with skin for extended periods of time.
• Check skin at least daily for signs of pressure problems. Keep sheets clean and free of wrinkles.
• Maintain good nutrition.

• Source: National Institutes of Health, U.S. National Library of Medicine, Medline Plus